基于敏感度分析的机床关键几何误差元素辨识与评定

为了正确识别和判定机床关键几何误差元素对机床精度设计的影响,以PCV-620立式加工中心为研究对象,采用多体系统理论建立机床空间误差模型,从而得到机床几何误差元素与机床精度之间的关联函数。对空间误差模型进行灵敏度分析,获得机床各运动方向的局部灵敏度系数,完成机床关键几何误差元素的初步辨识。以局部灵敏度系数为基础,提出一种与局部灵敏度系数和工作空间中任意位置处的几何误差元素值相关的全局灵敏度系数计算方法,将其作为机床关键几何误差元素的辨识和评定标准,分析得到PCV-620立式加工中心的关键几何误差元素包含3项定位误差、3项垂直度误差和5项直线度误差。     

工业搬迁企业原场地土壤Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr污染研究

针对城市建成区工业企业搬迁原生产场地土壤污染问题，采用单因子指数法、内梅罗指数法和地累积指数法等方法，对原场地土壤中Pb、Cd、Hg和Cr污染程度进行研究。研究结果表明:单因子指数法评价土壤中Cd元素是主要污染因子，属于重污染；Pb元素为中污染；Hg、Cr元素为未污染。内梅罗指数法评价土壤中 Pb、Cd和Hg元素为重度污染，Cr元素为安全；点位1、11和13为重度污染，点位7为中度污染，其他为轻度污染、警戒及安全。地累积指数法评价土壤中Cd元素为偏中污染，Pb元素为轻度污染；Hg和Cr元素为清洁；点位1为中度污染，点位11和点位13为轻度污染，其他点位污染等级为清洁。     

Feasibility of CANON process for treating nitrogenous wastewater containing heavy metals

The appearance of heavy metals in wastewater brings a major burden to wastewater treatment plants, due to the high toxicity to microorganisms. Several commonly used heavy metals, including Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were adopted to clear the individual and joint toxicity to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in six sequencing batch reactors. The obtained results suggested that the nitrogen removal performances were transiently inhibited, but rapidly recovered. The restoration period under the stress of Hg(II) and Pb(II) was shorter than that under Zn(II), Cd(II), and the joint heavy metals. During the long-term exposure, Cd(II) in 1mg L⁻¹ slightly inhibited the nitrogen removal, while Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and mixture showed a negligible impact on CANON process. The defense of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the good adaptability of functional bacteria, and the inducement of resistant genera by heavy metals all contributed to the robustness and stability of CANON process. Therefore, it is feasible to treat nitrogenous wastewater containing low heavy metals using CANON process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Klärschlammverbrennung in einer stationären Wirbelschicht mit integrierter Phosphor-Rückgewinnung

Currently, wet-chemical and thermochemical processes in particular are being discussed for the future obligatory recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge. The coupling of phosphorus recovery with incineration in stationary fluidized bed incinerators, the dominant mono-incineration technology, offers potential advantages in terms of aftertreatment costs and economic efficiency. Tests have shown that by adjusting the incineration conditions and adding additives, an ash could be produced that corresponds to the fertilizer ordinance (DüMV) and can, therefore, potentially be used as phosphorus recyclate.     

淮南采煤沉陷区积水重金属健康风险评价

为研究淮南采煤沉陷区积水中重金属对人体产生的潜在健康风险,对9个矿19个沉陷水域进行采样,测试5种重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Zn)含量,采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐使用的健康风险评价模型,对其进行健康风险评价。研究结果表明：(1)采样水域5种重金属年平均离子浓度由大到小依次为：Zn＞Cr＞Ni＞Pb＞Cd,重金属的分布影响因素可能与农药化肥的使用、工业废水的排放、汽车尾气中重金属的大气沉降、渔业养殖以及采煤活动等因素有关；(2)重金属的健康风险值总体随季节变化,呈现出丰水期小于枯水期的特点；该区域沉陷积水的重金属致癌风险整体较为安全,但化学致癌物(Cr)的健康风险值超出其它4种重金属4~8个数量级；(3)5种重金属的健康风险平均值排序为：Cr＞Cd＞Pb＞Zn＞Ni,其中Cd的致癌风险值及Pb、Zn、Ni非致癌风险值均低于最大可接受风险值(5.05×10-5a-1)。     

Physicochemical and environmental properties of arsenic sulfide sludge from copper and lead−zinc smelter

Physicochemical properties of arsenic sulfide sludge (ASS) from copper smelter (ASS-I) and lead−zinc smelter (ASS-II) were examined by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM−EDS, TG−DTA, XPS and chemical phase analysis method. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), Chinese standard leaching tests (CSLT), three-stage sequential extraction procedure (BCR) and batch leaching experiments (BLE) were used to investigate the environmental stability. The ASSs from different smelters had obviously different physicochemical and environmental properties. The phase composition and micrograph analysis indicate that ASS-I mainly consists of super refined flocculent particles including amorphous arsenic sulfide adhered with amorphous sulfur and that ASS-II mainly consists of amorphous arsenic sulfide. The valence state of arsenic in both sludges is trivalent, but the valence composition of sulfur is quite different. The ASSs have thermal instability properties. The results of TCLP and CSLT indicate that the concentrations of As and Pd in the leaching solution exceed the standard limits. More than 5% and 90% of arsenic are in the form of acid soluble and oxidizable fractions, respectively, which explains the high arsenic leaching toxicity and environmental activity of ASS. This research provides comprehensive information for the disposal of ASS from copper and lead−zinc smelter.     

Liquid−liquid structure transition in metallic melt and its impact on solidification: A review

Understanding the nature of liquid structures and properties has always been a hot field in condensed matter physics and metallic materials science. The liquid is not homogeneous and the local structures inside change discontinuously with temperature, pressure, etc. The liquid will experience liquid−liquid structure transition under a certain condition. Liquid−liquid structure transition widely exists in many metals and alloys and plays an important role in the final microstructure and the properties of the solid alloys. This work provides a comprehensive review on this unique structure transition in the metallic liquid together with the recent progress of its impact on the following microstructure and properties after solidification. These effects are discussed by integrating them into different experimental results and theoretical considerations. The application of liquid−liquid structure transition as a strategy to tailor the properties of metals and alloys is proven to be practical and efficient.     

深部岩巷非对称性变形原因与补强支护技术

针对深部岩巷掘进支护后表现出的非对称变形破坏的现象,采用力学理论分析结合计算机数值模拟的方法对其变形破坏的原因及支护控制进行研究分析。结果表明,巷道周边围岩一侧肩角及对应的底角出现不同程度的应力集中,且这些应力集中点围岩发生塑性变形,是产生非对称变形破坏的关键部位;周边工作面回采后,侧向支承应力拱垂直于覆岩形成应力扰动,造成巷道非对称受力,与模拟结果相同。基于上述研究,提出了"关键变形部位补偿加强支护"的控制对策。工程应用结果表明,采用非对称加强支护形式,可以有效控制巷道非对称变形,巷道围岩稳定性大大提高。     

北山地区园包山一带察哈日哈达铷稀有金属矿矿床地质特征及成因分析

察哈日哈达铷稀有金属矿是内蒙古北山地区新发现的一处矿点,产于园包山海西-印支期复式岩基北端晚三叠纪正长花岗岩体内。本文在系统分析区域成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿床成因、成矿潜力进行了研究。研究认为,铷等稀有金属矿分布在印支期碱性系列正长花岗岩中,成矿作用与岩浆后期高分异岩浆活动热液蚀变有关,矿区交代蚀变强烈,分带明显,可依次分为微斜长石化带-钠长石化带-云英岩化带,钠长石化带及其与云英岩化过渡带是铷等稀有元素的主要富集成矿带。对比分析认为：察哈日哈达铷矿同多宝山铷矿、刘家河铷矿,以及七一山铷-钨-锡矿在大地构造条件、岩浆岩条件和赋矿岩石及矿石建造等方面表现非常相似,同属于岩浆热液交代的碱性-偏碱性花岗岩型矿床,具有优越的成矿地质背景和巨大的稀有金属成矿潜力。     

精密电解加工共性关键技术及其在航空制造中的应用

飞行器上关键结构件的几何特征复杂,传统方式难以满足加工需求,精密电解加工技术具有无工具损耗、无机械切削力、加工定域性好的优点,适用于各种形状复杂、难加工、低刚度构件的加工,在航空制造领域占有重要地位。在介绍精密电解加工共性关键技术的基础上,阐述了其在航空制造中的典型应用,并对发展前景进行了展望。